真北方位基准标定与惯导测试设备引北技术

为了标校惯导产品诸如寻北仪的真北方位,需要在室内建立真北方位基准,并把真北方位引入惯导产品和测试转台等设备。主要探讨了真北方位基准标定和设备引北的有关实用方法,例如：基于双测站的天文定向、基于同步网的GNSS定向、经纬仪对向观测方法,并给出了综合运用这些方法的技术措施和适用性,以及典型实例。20年来,这些技术已在所完成的上百个此类项目中得到了成功运用,实测结果稳定;利用双测站的天文定向方法,通过两站方位传递,一般观测3~6测回,在良好的观测环境下,一般可获得高于经纬仪标称精度的定向结果。     

基于多层PCB的基板射频信号传输性能研究

随着射频产品的小型化,特别是射频SIP（systems in package）产品的逐渐应用,基于多层PCB的基板射频组件等射频集成产品的应用越来越多,基板内射频信号传输性能的研究也越来越重要。通过对基于多层PCB的基板射频传输性能进行仿真测试,验证了DC-40GHz范围内射频基板传输性能,针对射频传输中极为关注的传输损耗问题,通过改进介质厚度或者铜箔材料实现基板射频传输损耗的优化,单位长度传输线射频传输损耗减小20%以上。同时针对星载等应用环境,通过深层充放电、总剂量试验,表明多层PCB的基板满足星载等航天应用。     

Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.     

Evaluation of COMPASS ionospheric model in GNSS positioning

As important products of GNSS navigation message, ionospheric delay model parameters are broadcasted for single-frequency users to improve their positioning accuracy. GPS provides daily Klobuchar ionospheric model parameters based on geomagnetic reference frame, while the regional satellite navigation system of China’s COMPASS broadcasts an eight-parameter ionospheric model, COMPASS Ionospheric Model(CIM), which was generated by processing data from continuous monitoring stations, with updating the parameters every 2 h. To evaluate its performance, CIM predictions are compared to ionospheric delay measurements, along with GPS positioning accuracy comparisons. Real observed data analysis indicates that CIM provides higher correction precision in middle-latitude regions, but relatively lower correction precision for low-latitude regions where the ionosphere has much higher variability. CIM errors for some users show a common bias for in-coming COMPASS signals from different satellites, and hence ionospheric model errors are somehow translated into the receivers’ clock error estimation. In addition, the CIM from the China regional monitoring network are further evaluated for global ionospheric corrections. Results show that in the Northern Hemisphere areas including Asia, Europe and North America, the three-dimensional positioning accuracy using the CIM for ionospheric delay corrections is improved by 7.8%–35.3% when compared to GPS single-frequency positioning ionospheric delay corrections using the Klobuchar model. However, the positioning accuracy in the Southern Hemisphere is degraded due apparently to the lack of monitoring stations there.     

不同GNSS在高纬度地区时间传递性能分析

全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）载波相位时间传递技术是高精度时间传递领域的主要研究方法之一，但目前关于该部分的研究主要集中在中低纬度地区，在高纬度地区并不多见。不同GNSS由于星座设计不同，在高纬度地区结构差异较大，因此需要对不同GNSS在高纬度地区的时间传递性能进行分析。实验结果表明，在高纬度地区时间传递中，Galileo稳定度最高，GPS和BDS次之，GLONASS最差。同时因在高纬度地区卫星的高度角普遍偏低，为合理平衡低高度角时可视卫星多和多路径误差大的矛盾，对不同截止高度角下获取的链路时间传递性能进行了分析。结果表明，在5°截止高度角下，高纬度地区的时间传递链路稳定性最好。     

浅论无人机机载卫通天线尺寸与数字信号传输带宽关系

卫星通信是无人机中继通信的重要手段。本文对无人机卫星通信链路中飞机总体设计关注的机载卫通天线尺寸选择问题进行了较详细的计算、探讨。     

Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education and ICG Information Centres affiliated to the United Nations

Based on resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly, Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education were established in India, Morocco, Nigeria, Brazil and Mexico. Simultaneously, education curricula were developed for the core disciplines of remote sensing, satellite communications, satellite meteorology, and space and atmospheric science. This paper provides a brief summary on the status of the operation of the regional centres with a view to use them as information centres of the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG), and draws attention to their educational activities.     

基于射频传感网络与GPRS的监测系统设计

文章针对目前多数射频监测技术只适合短距离的缺点，提出一种射频网络与GPRS相结合的远距离无线监测系统设计方案，重点介绍系统软硬件的设计，以ARM7芯片S3C44BOX为核心构建基站，以51系列STC89C52RC单片机为核心构建射频传感网络采集节点，各节点与基站的通信由NRF905射频收发模块来实现。文章还对射频传感网络的拓扑结构和通信协议进行了设计，成功解决了射频传感网络中的冲突检测、隐藏节点等问题，保证了系统的可靠性。最后进行了通信测试实验，证明了方案的可行性。     

基于GNSS散射信号的双站雷达系统干扰抑制的分析与研究

利用GNSS(全球卫星导航系统)卫星作为照射源,接收机在飞行器的收发分置的GNSS-R双站雷达探测系统作为一门新兴遥感技术越来越受到关注,但由于GNSS散射信号功率太弱,其接收机对GNSS干扰信号的抑制一直是个难点.根据直达波和邻近卫星信号干扰的特点,提出r改进的分块子空间投影算法.即首先对干扰信号进行捕获与跟踪,根据得到的干扰信号参数构筑相应的干扰子空间,利用改进的分块子空间投影进行干扰抑制,该方法既降低了跟踪误差对干扰性能的影响,又使计算量大幅下降,适合多变环境和多数据样本情况.通过对仿真结果的分析,验证了方法的有效性,也为后续系统的优化设计提供了依据.     

THE APPLICATION OF SATELLITE POSITIONING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS INDUSTRIALIZATION IN CHINA

Satellite positioning technology has been widely used in all kinds of military and civil land, marine, space and aeronautical target positioning tasks, naviga tion activities and accurate surveying measurements since 90 s in the last cen tury due to its advantage in providing all-weather, real-time, three dimensional and high precision positioning information, as well as speed and accurate timing information. By now, it has already formed a new hi-tech industry basically.This paper briefly reviews the development of the global satellite positioning and navigation technologies including the basic information of China's "Plough navigation system", introduces the history of satellite positioning technology and its major application fields as well as the status quo of this being industri alized trade in China, gives an account of the writers' vision for the application and prospect of the satellite positioning technologies in China, and approaches the tactics and stresses of the satellite positioning technology's application and its industrialization future in China.